www.routledge.com speed test — 20 Oct 2026
Measured from the wfix.shop server on 20 October 2026 at 13:47 UTC. Grade A (90/100), with the screenshots, the timings and the fixes that matter.
Where the first byte went
- DNS lookup 65 ms 18%
- TCP connect 2 ms 1%
- Server wait 289 ms 81%
Measured on the connection that fetched the HTML. Every other request on the page waits for the end of this bar before it can start.
How this page compares
Every report published here is in this comparison, so it is a reference population of pages tested from one server - not a benchmark of the whole web.
What these numbers mean
- The first byte arrived in 356 ms. That is workable, and the cheapest win left is caching or a warmer connection.
- The page transfers 367.2 KB over 26 request(s). Javascript files are 78% of it, so defer what is not needed for the first screen, and drop tags nobody uses.
- The HTML itself arrives br-compressed.
- It runs over HTTP/3, so the assets share a connection instead of opening one each.
- 56% of the weight comes from other hosts (analytics, fonts, embeds), which also means their slow day becomes your slow day.
- The largest element painted at 980 ms, inside the 2.5 s Google calls good.
- Layout stayed still (CLS 0.003), so nothing jumps under the reader's cursor.
- The main thread was blocked for 301 ms, so taps and scrolling wait while scripts run.
Fix first: Render-blocking resources - Add defer or async to scripts that do not change the first paint, inline the critical CSS, and load the rest with media="print" plus an onload swap.
Read on one shared server, not a visitor's phone: use it to compare pages against each other, not as a promise about every connection. We fix what these tests find.
Screenshot
What the page looks like
Loaded in headless Chromium on this server. Click an image to open it full size.
Browser render
The same URL loaded in a real browser, so these are the readings curl cannot produce. The grade above is still built from the server measurements.
Page weight by type
What the page is made of
Transfer size, compressed as sent. 26 request(s) in total, 367.2 KB across all of them.
Top issues
Render-blocking resources
high impact4 render-blocking resource(s) in the document head (4 script(s), 0 stylesheet(s)). The page cannot paint until each one arrives.
Fix: Add defer or async to scripts that do not change the first paint, inline the critical CSS, and load the rest with media="print" plus an onload swap.
Cache static assets
medium impact6 asset(s) answer without a Cache-Control max-age, so browsers revalidate them on every visit.
Fix: Version filenames on change and serve them with a long max-age plus immutable. That is what makes a returning visitor fast.
Avoid extra redirects
medium impact1 redirect hop(s) before the page load started, each one a full round trip before the first byte.
Fix: Link to the canonical URL (and make sure http, the apex domain and www all point at it) so no visitor pays a redirect first.
Third-party weight
low impact5 third-party host(s) serve 205.7 KB of this page. Each one is another DNS lookup, TLS handshake and point of failure you do not control.
Fix: Self-host the libraries you can, drop the tags you cannot justify, and preconnect the ones you keep.
Waterfall
Slowest requests
Each bar is one request's own response time, scaled to the slowest. Assets were fetched in parallel, so the bars overlap in real time rather than stacking. first party third party
| Request | Type | Status | Time | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| https://www.routledge.com/e,location.href | html | 404 | 1.94 s | 0 B |
| https://transcend-cdn.com/cm/ef49a3f1-d8c1-47d6-88fc-50e41130631f/airgap.js 3rd party | javascript | 200 | 1.52 s | 81.1 KB |
| https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KW3LJ3D 3rd party | html | 200 | 1.45 s | 370 B |
| https://www.routledge.com/rsc/images/crclanding/visa-pay.png | images | 200 | 1.45 s | 5.0 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/favicon.ico | images | 200 | 1.40 s | 3.8 KB |
| https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js 3rd party | javascript | 200 | 1.38 s | 29.7 KB |
| https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/select2.min.js 3rd party | javascript | 200 | 1.38 s | 17.7 KB |
| https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/19960974376.js 3rd party | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 76.8 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/rsc/images/crclanding/amex-pay.png | images | 200 | 1.36 s | 6.6 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/rsc/images/crclanding/mastercard-pay.png | images | 200 | 1.36 s | 6.1 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/main.notmin.universal.js?ver=1792035250 | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 28.7 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 22.5 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/header.js?ver=1792035250 | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 9.4 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/jquery.blockUI.js | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 6.4 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/vendor/modernizr.js?ver=1792035250 | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 6.1 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/images/routledge-logo-lg.png | images | 200 | 1.36 s | 5.8 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/rsc/images/crclanding/jcb-pay.png | images | 200 | 1.36 s | 4.5 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/lazysizes.min.js | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 3.4 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/rsc/images/crclanding/apple-pay.png | images | 200 | 1.36 s | 2.2 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/images/routledge-logo.png | images | 200 | 1.36 s | 2.1 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/rsc/images/crclanding/google-pay.png | images | 200 | 1.36 s | 2.1 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/crc-common.js?ver=1792035250 | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 1.9 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/readmore.min.js | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 1.7 KB |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/crc-pardot.js | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 415 B |
| https://www.routledge.com/js/crc-cookie.js | javascript | 200 | 1.36 s | 182 B |
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